irubunuked uluDwmcsoLWm
( uLotwa .b )

.eveSwkwSwr Wyik '' csoLWm '' ctoa iawgInud Itwvuria uLotwaim Inwv ctwbcsin cnwnim ,uluDwmcsoLWm         
"Udiaog "  iaWLotwa "iawm " iaWa "eretUdcswf " Iaea .eveywb 3 Itwruduq Itoa iawfinemihiawguLotwa
                .eveaev uDnwk cswruh egunimWLufikea iawgudem egcaeawbed emcnok cniaim.eveLotwa

cnulUY Itwmuria iaWa iaWa cnuFurwa urutua Itoa eretUdcswf .
cnurEb ugnwLuh urwfWm Ikwtog ugid emcnea egiawbim .eveawgudemedWa   iaWa
unuked uSwvOv cnurEburutua urwf uDnwgWg Ikwtog WLuf emcnea .evelEm 12 Ikwnim ugid .eveSwrEb Itwmuria ILwvuruh
iawg udem Waeret Udcswf WLotwa .r .evelEm 1 ¼ iruh iawgWmid inwh emcnea  .evelEm 5 ¼ IruhiawgulwLuf .eveSwrEb
.everwfiSwk Itoa iawguLok ugwLuh emcnea egiawbim (uDnwk UdWv/uDnwk eretEd irubed)  .eveDnwk Ibcswrom Itoa 
 .eveLwf uDob Itoa iawgInud Itwmuria .eveawfev irubirub cnukwkwtiLoa uDnwk Itoa iSot iawm egInud urutua uLotwa
udemed WTcaotwaiawm iaWaeretea Udcswf .vetencaeSwr iawguLotwa udem egiawbim .eveten caeTcaotiawm iawgInud unuked
iaWacnuBurwA urutua Itoa uLotwa iawm .evea (uDnwkinwh) uDnwkuSodEg WLuf ulEm 3/4 Itoa iawg
 eguLotwa .eveawgudemed iaWa iaWa cnulUY Itwmuria iaWa
.eveSwrEb Itwmuria UdWviridwm cnurEb unuked egurwf uLonifuDob ctoa iawguLwf UdWLut Ikwtogugid emcnea egiawbim
iawgEretEdim .eveSwrEb Itwmuria egurwfurEbWm cnurEburwf uDnwkinwh IkwtogWLuf emcnea .evelEm26 Iruh iawgudemedim
.evelEm 5 ½ Iruh iawgWmidinwh emcnea eguLotwa .evelEm18 Iruh

cned .eveaudwmwk Itoa iawguLok Itwmuria egInudim .eveten caeTcaot iawm iawgInud urudua eguLotwa          Ikwdemed egcaeSwred emcnok cniaea .eveSwrcSwr egEretUdcswf Itoa iawgiawburutua egEyinudim cned .everwvWrigWDnwled
 iaWa udUDnua unuLuacnuhIm cned .eveaudcnek IkwSwrELua cnuhIm ctoa iawgudcawHwrwsea urWhim .evekeaiLoa uDnwk
cSwnuked cnegiSef cnUdwmwk .eveaiawfiverukulwdwb (iSufwdEa) cSwTcaufwdEa Inwv iawg .m1968 cnuhIm egUdwnuf urukwh
egInudim .eveten caeTcSotiawm Wnwdurwh cseviawgInudim .eveNcnud Itwmuria eguLotwa Ikwdemed WLwf IlobiawnuLwk csog
iawg .m1835 .evehoLWm Itoacned .eveaudcnwvwrwd IkwSwriawm ctoa iawgInud Itwmuria .eveLwfUdWLut Itoa iawguLokugwLuh
cTWC eguLotwa .eveaudWtih IkwSwriawm ctoa iawgInudunuked .eveTcSufwdEa Itoacned .evencnuhIm 100 Ibit iawguSwrim
wgwhWf cnwkwnig cnuhIm iawguSwrim cnutwbcsin egunWmwzea uriaWvcnehim .evencnuhIm 250 IbitiawguSwrea uriaiheruk
iawgukwtuLwf egInudim .eveSwLwfurwfWm Inemin csog cSwrutua inud ugwLuh eguLotwa cnegiSef cnuLwfUdWLut .eveaeveruk
iLoauDnwk iawgudemed egcaeLwfed emcnok .eveTcSotiawm wdwgurwv Itoa iawgukwtuLwf egInudim .eveTcSotiawm wdwgurwv Itoa
 wyib Wdcnib cSwrwTcSuf egInudim ukeaWywvwdwg egumusUm ugwLuh .eveaudcnwkwd iaWTcSufcSwvihwa ItoaiawgInudim .evekeae
 wrig csevcSwrcSwriruh .eveaevun caetog Edefua caeSwr iawgcaerwf csevcaea egInudim egInudim cnubwbws eguLWr
 cnumuvcnehea .eveawfivuLuh cSwawrWscaiv iaWywvwdwg egumusUm ugwLuh Itoa csevuLwf UdWLut .eveaed cnumwvwDuk cnum
 urwhwa wnwv .m1898 iaWrwhwa wnwv .m1896 .eveaerukurwswa egumwkea cSwSwr cSwr iruh iawguLwfea iaWSwrea
 cnEret uLwf uSwrea cnwkim .eveawyid cnegiawrig iawb 1/2 egUdWLut iawgWrWscaiv wdwg unuhej cSwSwrea cnugwLuh
iawguSwr .evencnumeDov cSwCcawmuria cnuDwmuDwm idwa .evencnumwrig Inwd UdWLut cnuhwfegEa .eveaevutibWs cSwLwgwr
caemwkctoa iawfihejcnwruk cnehemcnokcnuhIm uSwrea Ikwmudcaefuacnib cnegiawkcaihuLwf cnumutencnib enWLwa urodeg
 .eveaeked cnuhImiawbea cSwmwk

cniSufwdEa iaWa udcnwvwrwd ikeh egumwkim .eveaedcnumeDov cnumwrig caeSwr iawhiruh iruh iawgInudWSwv eguLotwa
caeawb iruh iawgInudim .eveaenWncnef cnukwSwr iawhiruh iruh iawgInud unuked idwa .eveaedcneginef csevinwkea
.eveaejcawgihiten cSwrcSwr

egumuvuDob .eveawrOf urwswa egumurigcSwr csevcSwkwSwr iawhiruh .evenUn caeawnigWm cSwrcSwr iawguLotwa udem
 cSwluawHWm egcaeSwrea Iaim .eveaegnea cnukwt uDwgunWa egulWmid iruh iawfWrig cnwkWdcnumwvwDuk cSwr iawgulwdwb
.eveaenef cnulikirwDuk cSwywmwhiruf cSwrwv ulWsim .eveaerukcnIqwy cnwkcaekwtctog WvWmid cnukwtulwdwb wncnwa
ubWsih ctoacSwLwf csogcnumeDov Wmidea evWmwj cSwrutua ugwLuh eguSwr ilev wyidcnumwrig cnuLokItwmuria uSwrea
wyidcnumeDov cniruk cnumuvel caeDwgiSot WgcaeawrWscaiv iawguLwf ugwLuh eguSwr cSokinwviawfcsogcSwbWsih Wditen
cSwbWsih WvWkcawrun cSwkwtctWrWmiA iruhiawgudcawHwrwsea csogcnumwrig uLokurutuaugwLuh iTcauh cnuDovegiawb
UdWtih iawgumusUm ugWLuh .eveaeviawfevWmid csevcSwaUdcnwvwrwd iaWSwhoLWm iaWSwTcaufwdEa ctogimwmwh .eveaeviawfcsog
.eveaedcswneg cnwkilevcnod urutia cSwDwgcswf eguSwr cnubwbws egIlevcnod Wvurwa cSwtWrwf ugwLuh
 

cswruh egulEm 6 ½ Itoaiawgudemed iaWLotwa iaWywbim .eveaUdiaog Ikwywbwnwv 3 Itwruduq Enemih iawguLotwa .b
 .eveCcawmwgnwa ugwLuh eguDnwk UdiSWk IkwDnwkim .evekeDnwk Wvwdwg cSwmusUmed Iaim .evekeDnwk

72°.51' .00" E cnulUt Itwmuria iaWa 4°.53' .07" N iaWa 4°.48' .45" N cnuFurwa urutua ItoauLotwa Udiaog
urutua egurwfea cnurEbunuked egurwf Udiaog Ikwtog ugid emcnea cnuLotwaim .eveawgudemed Wa 73°.00' .30" E iaWae
 Itwmuria eguDnwkurod cnurEb ugnwLuh eguLonif iSufwncnia IkwtogWLuf emcnea .evelEm 9 ¾Ikwnimugid .eveSwrEb
cnunuked uria .eveSwr 4 Itoa iawguLotwa .evelEm 2 Iruh iawgWmidinwh emcnea .evelEm 4 Iruhiawgudemedim .eveSwrEb
ctoaiawguLwf Itwmuria Udiaog iaWSwred ctoa iawgutWrwfed egILoauDnwkim .eveDnwkurod ItoacSwmunwv cSwaeret uLotwa
.eveaedcnumeDov cniaWMid caeawb cnumwrig cSwDobcSwrwv csevcSwr 4 ctoa iawguLotwa .eveaIawyid cnegiawrig cSwr
cnegevudwm csevcnukwtWrwf emcnok erukcnutWrwfed eguSwrea .eveSwaUdcnehef InwviawfWrOf urwswaea cSwDob emcnea
egUdwLuf iaWaudcnehef iaWaUdwLuf .evetWg cnuvirubed cSwr cnutogWdcnumwrig cSwrea .eveaejcawgih cnegevinua cTUf 70
.eveaeveRuk cTOn wgwhWf csevcnwkWd cnumwvwlit uLwf egudcawHwrwsea cnumwrig cawtuLonifea idefua uLonif cnunuked
cnukwtuLWr iaWyoa egumusUmed iaWywvwdwg egumusUmed csevwmwn ctoa caerwTcaufiawm Wnwdurwh cnegiawSwv eguLotwaim
Evedwv cSwLwfea iawgugwLuh urutua egUdiaog .eveaeviawfevWmid ctogWrof itencaehwruh cSwaeret eguLotwa csrOf Edefua
cnWmwa idwa whEswfWm Ikwmunwv cSwLwf iawfevilobwlwh cSwrwv uLokurEb egurenea iawgumusUm wdwg .eveaevoa caeren
cSwrwhwf inOd iduk cnItwmiSot ugwLuh eguLwf iawgumusUm iawvuria cSokwBcaWK iawgumusUm uDwm .eveaevun cSwkwmwk
3 ea wmwn ejcaev cnuf cnwtcnwtea .eveaenWdivedwv csevcnuLoa wncnoa cSwlWmid WaudwLuf idwa .eveaenWdiv edwv
.eveaenWvwhEswf cSwrwv cSwncnuhIm uSwr
 InuLua Wdcawh iawgumwkirevuDnwd ImusUm .evekeLotwa iruk cnwkirevWr iaWmwkirevuDnwd iawgunWmwzIruk IkwLotwa
Udcnek Inwruk urWhIm cSwLwgwr emcnea cnwkirevuDnwd cnuLotwa .everwTcaoa wdwf wLwnod iaWtwbiduk iaWa ibcnib
irevcswm Ikwtwkcawswm uDnwgiawm eguLotwa .eveaeLua iawdcawh cawt ctwvWb cnUnea iaWhurim iaWlEkctwf .evencnuhIm
.evekeLotwa iruk cnWrEf IkwLotwa iawgIruk .eveaudWtih iaWTcaufwdEa iaWaUdWLut Ibit Wrwa iawgutwkcawswmim .evemwk
uLotwaim .eveaejcawgih iten ctwkcawswmea urWhim .eveawgISufwdEa iaWa UDcaWm Iruk ctwkcawswmea cSwLwgwr emcnea
  .eveaerukcsev ctwkcawswm egumuyiv WTws idwa .evekeSwr Wdcawfua itekwt cnISolia iaWCcawfukur IkwaUdWhikw
 

 WviawfWvcauyil iawg 1994 IfuYul cmIhWrubia udwmcawHum uJWtcsuaclwa Iaim

  "urwvwnwv egIfwrcgOj egEjcaWr ihevid "
iawfWgwn cnia           -